Add from left to right
When symbols descend in value, add them together: VIII = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8.
NUMBER SYSTEMS
Roman Numeral Converter●
Convert a number. Understand the symbols. Try it yourself.
Whole numbers from 1 to 3999. Use digits 0–9.
Modern subtractive notation · 1–3999
Your result
How it breaks down
XL (40) + IV (4) = 44
A few numbers, explained.
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Ten questions, in either direction. One scored answer per question; hints are always available.
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Seven symbols. Many possibilities.
| Symbol | I | V | X | L | C | D | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
Subtract in six pairs
IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400 and CM = 900. For 99, combine XC and IX: XCIX, rather than IC.
Keep the standard form
I, X, C and M can repeat up to three times in a row. V, L and D do not repeat. This tool checks the whole sequence, including symbol order.
Read the number, not just the letters.
Roman numerals use fixed-value letters. Arabic numbers here mean the familiar decimal digits 0–9. The converter groups thousands, hundreds, tens and ones so you can follow each result.
Learn more about Roman numeral rules ↗Common questions
Why is IC not accepted for 99?
In modern subtractive notation, I can only go before V or X. Write 99 as XCIX: 90 + 9.
Can I convert zero, negative numbers or decimals?
This tool covers whole numbers from 1 to 3999. It does not use zero, negative numbers, fractions or overline notation for larger values.
Why do some clocks use IIII instead of IV?
Roman notation has historical variations. IIII is still common on clock faces. This converter deliberately uses the modern subtractive form IV.
Are my exercises saved?
No. Questions, answers and scores live only in the current tab and reset when you reload. My workspace can save a link to the tool, not your answers.